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<H1><A name="IPFORMAT" id="IPFORMAT"></A>Appendix C. IP Addresses and Ranges Format</H1>
<P>An IP address is made of 4 numbers separated by dots as in <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd</KBD>, each number ranges from 0 to 255.</P>
<P>An IP address range must conform to one of the following forms:</P>
<UL>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">*</KBD>: the range includes all valid IP addresses,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.*</KBD>: the range includes the IP addresses which first part is equal to <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa</KBD>,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.*</KBD>: the range includes the IP addresses which first and second parts are respectively equal to <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa</KBD> and <KBD class="USERINPUT">bbb</KBD>,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.*</KBD>: the range includes the IP addresses which first, second, and third parts are respectively equal to <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa</KBD>, <KBD class="USERINPUT">bbb</KBD>, and <KBD class="USERINPUT">ccc</KBD>,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd-iii.jjj.kkk.lll</KBD>: the range includes the IP addresses between <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd</KBD> and <KBD class="USERINPUT">iii.jjj.kkk.lll</KBD>,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/n</KBD>: the range includes all the IP addresses that belong to the subnet which network prefix or CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) notation is <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/n</KBD>. An IP address that is included in this range has its first <KBD class="USERINPUT">n</KBD> bits identical to the first <KBD class="USERINPUT">n</KBD> bits of <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd</KBD>,</P>
</LI>
<LI>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd-iii.jjj.kkk.lll/n</KBD>: An IP address that is included in this range is comprised between <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd</KBD> and <KBD class="USERINPUT">iii.jjj.kkk.lll</KBD>, and has its first <KBD class="USERINPUT">n</KBD> bits identical to the first <KBD class="USERINPUT">n</KBD> bits of <KBD class="USERINPUT">aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd</KBD> and <KBD class="USERINPUT">iii.jjj.kkk.lll</KBD>.</P>
</LI>
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<DIV class="EXAMPLE"><A name="AEN2944" id="AEN2944"></A>
<P><B>Example C-1. CIDR Notation Example:</B></P>
<P><KBD class="USERINPUT">220.78.168.0/21</KBD> represents IP addresses between <KBD class="USERINPUT">220.78.168.0</KBD> and <KBD class="USERINPUT">220.78.175.255</KBD>. Actually, 220.78.168.0 in binary is 11011100 01001110 10101000 00000000. So <KBD class="USERINPUT">220.78.168.0/21</KBD> includes all the IP addresses which 21 first bits are 11011100 01001110 10101. Therefore, it represents the range <KBD class="USERINPUT">220.78.168.0-220.78.175.255</KBD> (in binary 11011100 01001110 10101<SPAN class="emphasis"><I class="EMPHASIS">000 00000000</I></SPAN> - 11011100 01001110 10101<SPAN class="emphasis"><I class="EMPHASIS">111 11111111</I></SPAN>.)</P>
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